Bio Outline

BIOLOGY 220 OUTLINE SECTION II Text: Essential booth Biology I. Opening Comments (Chapter 3) A. Life creates battle array out of perturbation through a never-ending series of chemical reactions B. This is metabolic process and the ability to Metabolize C. Most of the chemical reactions required by the cell would not occur at physiological conditions D. controller of these reactions is achieved by specialized protein, ENZYMES.

II. Basic Principles of aught A. Energy - fundamentals Principles 1. restrict Energy - ability to do work 2. Define Work - the ability to change the way matter is arranged 3. Define Kinetic Energy 4. Define Potential faculty - nil of position 5. FIRST LAW of THERMODYNAMICS Energy rear end be transferred or transformed by never created or destroyed.

6. Explain transferred or transformed Different kinds of nothing a. effulgent (solar) b. Chemical (e.g. gasoline, carbohydrates, fats) c. Mechanical (involves movement) d. Atomic.

7. SECOND LAW of THERMODYNAMICS - In each energy transformation or transfer some energy is lost to the surrounding environment as heat.

a. Define second b. 2nd Law says - ENTROPY IS INCREASING c. ADD passion LOSS TO ENERGY DIAGRAM ABOVE.

B. The Concept of Free Energy 1. Free energy - the portion of a systems energy that toilette perform work given constant T passim system (e.g., living cell) 2. Total free energy of a system (G) is define by this equation G = H - TS a. H = total energy of system = ENTHALPY b.



T = absolute temp in K (KELVINS) (° C + 273) c. S = entropy d. Note that T increases value of S since as Heat increases, molecular motion increases, and disorder increases.

3. Spontaneous Processes a. translation - occur w/o outside help (energy) - energy of system is sufficient to carry out reaction or process b. Is not concerned with rate or time, so spontaneous processes will not necessarily occur in a useful time frame 4. Determining when a system can undergo spontaneous change a. constancy b. The change in...

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