How far can social distance explain variation in the degree of success in learning a second language?

Learning a reciprocal ohm wording will not constantly be a success. The degree of success in cultivation a second vocabulary usher out be unnatural by many factors. Kim (2006) give tongue to that Schumann?s theory turns to the one-on-one?s neighborly surroundings as responsible for the regeneration in success. Social surmount is one of the sociocultural factors that can affect the second language acquisition. Social distance refers to the cognitive and affective relationship of two cultures that come into contact inwardly an individual (Brown, 1994). According to Schumann (1976), he described social distance as pertaining to the individual as a member of social congregation which is in contact with another social sort out whose members speak a different language. Social distance is as well as explained in Schumann?s Acculturation Model which explains the acquisition of second language by immigrants. According to the Schumann?s Acculturation Model, Schumann (1978) stated that ?the degree to which a learner acculturates to the target language group will control the degree to which he acquires the second language?.

Therefore, social distance refers to the distance between the second language learner and the target language group. Schumann also added that the learning conditions of both of the groups whitethorn affect their learning process.



Thus, if they are learning in a bad learning condition such as the second language learner thinks that their language is more dominant than the target language group, they will feel that there is no need to learn the target language. However, they are learning in a good condition if they believe that there is a need to learn the language. Social distance is also affected by many factors such as the equality of L1 and L2 groups, acculturation or integration, enclosure, cohesiveness, size, cultural congruence, attitude and length of residence. All of these factors may contribute to the success of the...

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